Category: R

Group-wise Correlation in R, To calculate the correlation between two variables by the group in R, use the basic syntax below. library(dplyr) df %>%   group_by(group) %>%   summarize(cor=cor(var1, var2)) This syntax computes the...

Need to format your character columns for cleaner output or reporting? In R, string padding allows you to add characters like “#” to the left, right, or both sides of a string. Whether it’s...

Bootstrap Confidence Interval R, Bootstrapping is a technique for estimating the standard error of any statistic and generating a confidence interval for it. The following is the fundamental bootstrapping procedure, From a given dataset,...

How to remove Scientific Notation in R, To disable scientific notation in R, use the following methods: The examples below demonstrate how to utilize each of these strategies in practice. Method 1: As a...

In base R, the text() function can be used to add text to a plot. The following is the fundamental syntax for this function text(x, y, “my text”) where: x, y: The text should...

Calculate proportion in a table, To determine the value of each cell in a table as a proportion of all values, use the prop.table() function in R. The following is the fundamental syntax for...

Bootstrap Standard Error in R, Bootstrapping is a technique for calculating the standard error of a mean. The following is the basic procedure for calculating a bootstrapped standard error. Model Selection in Machine Learning...

A confidence interval (CI) is a set of numbers that most likely contains the value of an unknown population parameter. Given the properties of your sample data, these intervals represent a realistic domain for...

Predictive analytics models are crucial in the fields of data science and business analytics, and they have a big impact on a lot of different business operations. Depending on the data amount in terms...

The Markov chain is used to explain even the most complex real-time events. Markov chain is used in some form by speech recognition, text identifiers, path recognition, and many other Artificial Intelligence systems. In...